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Application of radial basis neural network for state estimation of power system networks
J.P Pandey, D Singh
International Journal of Engineering, Science and Technology , 2010,
Abstract: An original application of radial basis function (RBF) neural network for power system state estimation is proposed in this paper. The property of massive parallelism of neural networks is employed for this. The application of RBF neural network for state estimation is investigated by testing its applicability on a IEEE 14 bus system. The proposed estimator is compared with conventional Weighted Least Squares (WLS) State Estimator on basis of time, accuracy and robustness. It is observed that the time taken by the proposed estimator is quite low. The proposed estimator is more accurate and robust in case of gross errors and topological errors present in the measurement data.
RICE HUSK COMPACTION BEHAVIOUR FOR ITS USE AS BULK AND BRIQUETTE
PANDEY, J.P.,RICHA, RISHI,SINGH, ANUPAMA
- , 2015,
Abstract: Rice husk is a useful by-product of rice mill and used as bio-fuel for industrial and domestic applications. Briquetted rice fuel is being used in brick kilns at several locations. Rice husk as briquetted fuels have better physico-mechanical properties and combustion properties in comparison to lignite coal. The ignition temperature of rice husk briquettes is also lower. Briquetting of rice husk without size reduction and addition of adhesive material requires tremendous load for obtaining a briquette or consolidated mass of rice husk. Rice husk mass get compressed under the load conditions and swells as soon as the load is removed. Compaction behaviour of rich husk was studied in order to work out non-consolidating load range and consolidating load range. Bulk density immediately after compaction of rice husks was obtained as 0.503, 0.820, 1.064, 1.251 and 1.395 g/cm3 and 0.156, 0.220, 0.285, 0.347 and 0.408 g/cm3 after 24 hours of swelling against non-consolidating applied loads of 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25 tonnes respectively. Bulk density after compaction of rice husk were obtained as 1.510, 1.586, 1.650, 1.697, 1.743, 1.774 and 1.793 g/cm3 and 0.465, 0.520, 0.575, 0.628, 0.679, 0.731 and 0.771 g/cm3 after 24 hours of swelling against consolidating loads of 30, 35, 40, 45, 50, 55 and 60 tonnes, respectively
Qualitative and Quantitative Changes in Protein Profile of Various Tissue of Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury
D. Kumar,J.P. Pandey,J. Jain,P.K. Mishra
International Journal of Zoological Research , 2011,
Abstract: In the present study, quantitative and qualitative changes in protein profile of different tissue of larvae, pupae, adult and eggs of Tasar silkworm Antheraea mylitta Drury was investigated. Stage and age dependent variation in protein concentration and SDS-PAGE protein profile of 36 and 64 kDa protein was observed in different tissue. The concentration of protein was recorded higher in eggs laid by fresh moth than 3 days old moth and significant variation was also noticed in normal and depressed eggs. Interestingly, substantial changes in SDS-PAGE protein profile was observed in normal and depressed eggs and eggs laid by fresh moth than 3 days old moth. Haemolymph and midgut protein concentration was recorded higher in 3rd and 5th instar feeding larvae and in 4th instar mature larvae. Concentration of protein in the haemolymph of pupae before the brain window becomes opaque was higher in both the sexes than opaque stage. Fat body protein concentration in larvae showed increasing trend from 3rd to 5th instar larvae and it was higher in pupae after the brain window becomes opaque and fresh moth. In addition, higher protein concentration was recorded in gonads of pupae after the brain window becomes opaque and in reproductive organs of fresh moth. Present findings would promote to further understand the precise reason for depression of eggs and changes in protein profile in different tissue of A. mylitta.
Effect of Temperature on Hemocytic Immune Responses of Tropical Tasar Silkworm, Antheraea mylitta D
J.P. Pandey,P.K. Mishra,D. Kumar,B.M.K. Singh
Research Journal of Immunology , 2010,
Abstract: Insect blood cells (Hemocytes) are very vital component of the insect immune system but elaborate studies on hemocyte profile of economically very important sericigenous insect A. mylitta under altered physical conditions were unnoticed by researchers. Hence, an attempt was made to investigate the effects of high, low and cyclic temperature treatment/stress on cellular (hemocyte) immune responses such as Total Hemocyte Count (THC), Differential Heamocytes Count (DHC) and related changes in cell contour/morphology in fifth instar larvae of A. mylitta. Based on morphology staining reaction and response towards temperature stress six types of hemocytes were identified in A. mylitta. They are prohemocytes (PRs), plasmatocytes (PLs), granulocytes (GRs), spherulocytes (SPs), oenocytoids (OEs) and adipocytes (ADs). Besides, vermicytes (Ves) and podocytes (POs) were occasionally observed in smears of moulting phase of late fifth instar larvae. Presence of POs is unique in the present insect and it has not been reported earlier. Variations in Differential Hemocyte Counts (DHC) were observed when the ambient regime of temperature 26±1°C was changed to Chilling (4°C), heating (50°C) and cyclic 20, 26 and 32°C to cause temperature stress. Reduction in PLs and GRs were observed during Cyclic Temperature Treatment (CTT) in comparison to normal temperature but chilling and heating temperature did not showed the similar trends. Decrease in PLs and increase in GRs were observed after chilling temperature and increase in PLs and decrease in GRs were noticed after heating temperature. More mitotically dividing PRs were seen during elevated temperature stress. Low temperature lead to clumping of hemocytes and high temperature to its spread and nuclear fragmentation. Significant drop in THC was observed at low temperature but surprisingly at heating temperature significant increase was noticed. THC was found to decline in 120 h CTT larvae.
Hemocytes and Enzyme-based Route to Evaluate the Impact of Seed Cocoons Preservation Conditions on Antheraea mylitta Pupae
J.P. Pandey,Dinesh Kumar,Sony K. Roy,P.K. Mishra
International Journal of Zoological Research , 2012,
Abstract: Tropical tasar silkworm, Antheraea mylitta Drury DABA-ecorace is commercially exploited in India for tasar silk production. Generally, its cocoons used to preserve in outdoor and indoor conditions. But in recent past, due to global warming, tasar silk zone day time temperature (May-June) shoots up and it goes up to 35 to 45C or even more. It cause adverse impact on the survival of tasar silkworm pupae and invite heavy loss to the tasar silk industry. In the present study, hemocyte and enzyme-based methods have been used to evaluate the impact of outdoor and indoor seed cocoon preservation on A. mylitta pupae. Interestingly, differences in Total Hemocyte Count (THC), hemocyte contour/morphology, protein concentration, fat body and hemolymph acid phosphatase (Acp) activity of outdoor and indoor preserved pupae have been observed. Marked variation in THC was observed among high, low and median weight pupae. Although, no significant variation was observed in THC of indoor and outdoor preserved female pupae but significant difference was found in male pupae of both the preservation conditions. Differential profile of hemocytes was differing in outdoor and indoor conditions with change in cell-contour. Elevation in immune cell plasmatocytes (PLs) numbers was recorded in indoor preserved cocoon. Acp activity in fat body of indoor preserved pupae was higher than outdoor but reverse trend was found in hemolymph. Activity profile Acp vary in male and female with higher, lower and median weight pupae. Protein concentration in hemolymph of outdoor preserved pupae was more in comparison to indoor but this trend was found usually reverse in fat body. In addition, less protein concentration was recorded in fat body and hemolymph of male pupae in contrast to female. It is expected that, based on hemocyte and enzyme-based method impact of cocoon preservation conditions on A. mylitta pupae can be evaluated/observed.
STUDIES ON CONTINUOUS GRINDING PROCESS FOR DRIED WATER CHESTNUT KERNEL
S.K. GARG,U.C. LOHANI,J.P. PANDEY
Journal of Engineering Science and Technology , 2010,
Abstract: Grinding is a unit operation to break big solid material into smaller pieces. As far as process of grinding is concerned, power consumption, specific energy consumption and particle size distribution and mill capacity are main considerations from engineering point of view. The experiments were conducted to study the effect of speed of mill, sieve size, feed rate and time of grinding on power consumption and average particle diameter of water chestnut in continuous grinding process. Power consumption was measured for a constant feed rate of 1 and 2 kg/h at different speed of the mill varied from 800 to 1200 rpm for the sieve openings of 0.5 mm, 1.0 mm and 2.0 mm. For all the sieve sizes and feed rates, it was observed that as the speed of the mill increases, there is an increase in power consumption and found significantly low for higher sieve size and lower feed rate. The size distribution of the water chestnut kernel for different speeds and sieve sizes at constant feed rate were obtained by sieve analysis. The milling speed has no significant effect on particle size distribution of ground product and mass fraction was minimum at lower feed rate and higher sieve size. Harris model was found best suitable to describe the size distribution in continuous grinding process. Fineness modulus decreases with increase of milling speed for experimental sieve size and feed rate.
Studies on Antheraea mylilla Cocoonase and its Use in Cocoons Cooking
B.C. Prasad,J.P. Pandey,A.K. Sinha
American Journal of Food Technology , 2012,
Abstract: Cocoonase which is secreted as a natural phenomenon has its direct utility in softening of cocoons for reeling without altering the very organic nature of tasar silk. In the present study, efforts have been made to comprehend and utilize cocoonase for its future use in cocoon cooking. The emerging moth gradually release cocoonase from galea of their mouth parts in anterior inner portion of the cocoon (peduncle region). After releasing adequate volume of enzyme (around 400-600 L) for softening the peduncle region of cocoon, with the help of appendages emerging moth create outlet near the peduncle and escape from cocoon shell. Around 1000 mL cocoonase from 2000 eclosion stage A. mylitta have been collected and centrifuged in cold condition (4C) at 10000 rpm to minimise the impurity. To maintain buffer conditions, cocoonase was collected in pre chilled Tris buffer pH 9.2 and stored at -4C temperature for further use in cocoon cooking. When cocoons of A. mylitta (Daba ecorace) were subjected to initial water boiling at 100C on leisurely flame for 30-40 min followed by cocoon soaking in cocoonase for 20-24 h at 37C, the 80-90% softening of cocoon shell was found. Silk filament obtained from the cocoons cooked in cocoonase maintains natural tasar silk colour, softness and structure. The 50-52% silk recovery was observer in cocoonase cocoon cooking. By centrifuging used reaction mixture at 9000 rmp in cold condition to remove impurities and adding 10-15% volume of fresh cocoonase in reaction mixture left over enzyme solution can be reused once. More study is required to get better cocoonase cooking efficiency and consistent cooking with higher or comparable silk recovery than the ruling practices.
EFFECT OF OHMIC HEATING AND LYE-SALT CONCENTRATIONS ON TOTAL SOLUBLE SOLIDS AND TITRABLE ACIDITY OF TOMATO PUREE
PANDEY, J.P.,PRAKASH, OM,SAWANT, S.R.,SINGH, A.
- , 2019,
Abstract: The study was initiated with the objective of evaluating the effect of ohmic heating and lye (NaOH, KOH)-salt (NaCl) concentrations on the quality parameters such as total soluble solid (TSS) and titrable acidity of ohmically heated tomato puree. Ohmic heating works on the principle of electroporation due to the resistivity of the product internal heat generated and therefore conversion of electrical energy into heat happened. The parameters such as field strength and lye- salt concentration which were found considerably effect on titrable acidity and total soluble solids. The full factorial statistical design was used to analyze the dependent parameters. The independent variables selected for the study were lye concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3, and 0.4%), salt concentrations (0.1, 0.2, 0.3 and 0.4%) and applied electric field strength (928.57, 1071.42 and 1214.28 V/m). The results of the study show that the acidity values were all within a certain range, approximately 0.43% to 0.31% for 0.1%NaOH at 928.57 V/m and 0.4%NaCl at 1214.28 V/m treatments, best condition of treatment was 0.1% NaOH with 928.57 V/m. Ohmic heating keeps the TSS of tomato puree well within the acceptable range. The optimal values of independent variables in terms of lye or salt and electric field strength for TSS0.3%NaOH/1071.42V/m, 0.3%NaOH/928.57V/m, 0.2%NaOH/1071.42V/m, 0.2%NaOH/928.57V/m, 0.1%NaOH/1071.42, 0.1% NaOH/928.57V/m. It can be concluded that ohmic heating minimize the losses of acidity and TSS of tomato puree. No previous work dealing with the comparison of the impact of ohmic heating processing acidity and TSS of tomato puree has been found therefore this study aims to address this deficiency
DRYING OF ASPARAGUS ROOTS IN SOLAR AND FLUIDISED BED DRYER
KOHLI, DEEPIKA,PANDEY, J.P.,SHAHI, N.C.,SINGH, ANUPAMA
- , 2017,
Abstract: This study presents the drying kinetics of asparagus using solar dryer and fluidized bed dryer at four temperature levels of 40, 50, 60 and 700C. The drying rate was always higher in case of fluidized bed dryer as compare to solar dryer and it was increased with increase in temperature. The maximum drying rate 5.953% d.b./min was observed in fluidized bed dryer at 70oC in the first 60 min. Three thin layer drying models were fitted to the experimental data of asparagus. The best model to predict the moisture content of asparagus in thin layer was found to be Page equation. Color of asparagus was slightly changed after drying. The power consumption was found lower for fluidized bed dryer as as compare to solar dryer. The rehydration ratio was maximum of 5.745 for fluidized bed dryer at 600C and dehydration ratio was maximum 7.092 for solar dryer at 700C
Diagnóstico diferencial de la tortura en restos esqueletizados: presentación de tres casos
Baraybar,J.P.;
Cuadernos de Medicina Forense , 2008, DOI: 10.4321/S1135-76062008000300009
Abstract: while the diagnosis of torture has been primarily concentrated in the examination of living victims and cadavers, little or no work has been undertaken in skeletonised remains. this paper discusses the role of non-accidental toracic trauma as an indicator of inflicted lesions with the aim of incapacitating but not killing certain victims of human rights violations. in order to illustrate differential diagnosis of injuries attributable to "torture" as well as other mechanisms three cases are presented in which could be attributed to torture and one is an exclusion of that scenario and is more consistent with a road traffic accident.
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